Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Deputy Governor M. Rajeshwar Rao recently emphasized the need for a supportive regulatory framework to harness the benefits of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the banking sector, while also remaining mindful of its potential adverse impacts on the financial system. Speaking at the 106th Annual Conference of the Indian Economic Association in Delhi, Rao discussed the transformative potential of AI in areas such as productivity, jobs, and income distribution.
He noted that in the financial sector, several banks and non-banks are experimenting with AI, mostly in back-office work and business process optimization to deliver efficiency gains. Some institutions have also deployed AI in customer-facing processes, like making lending decisions and identifying target customer segments. While acknowledging the widespread benefits expected from AI, including income level increases and automation of repetitive tasks, Rao also pointed out the societal consequences like increased unemployment.
Rao stressed that the development and deployment of AI models in the banking sector need close human supervision commensurate with the risks that might arise from using the technology. He identified three broad categories of concerns related to AI: data bias and robustness, governance, and transparency. He emphasized the importance of human oversight in addressing complex or ambiguous cases and ensuring ethical considerations are taken into account.
Furthermore, the RBI is also adopting advanced analytics, AI, and machine learning to enhance its supervisory capabilities. This initiative includes the use of analytical tools like early warning systems, stress testing models, and vulnerability assessments, aimed at identifying potential risks and safeguarding the stability and integrity of the banking system.
In summary, while AI holds significant potential for transforming the banking sector, it also brings challenges that require careful regulation and human oversight. The RBI is committed to developing a supportive regulatory framework that balances the benefits of AI with the need to mitigate its risks and preserve the integrity of the financial system.